Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
What is AMD?
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common causes of vision loss in people over 50. It affects the macula, a small but vital part of the retina, which is responsible for sharp and detailed vision. This means that AMD can make it difficult to perform everyday tasks like reading, driving, or recognizing faces. While it does not lead to total blindness, it can significantly impact a person’s ability to see clearly.
Types of AMD
There are two main types of AMD:
Dry AMD (Atrophic): This is the most common form, occurring when the macula gradually thins over time. It develops slowly and can cause mild to moderate vision loss. In the early stages, people may not notice any symptoms, but as it progresses, central vision can become blurry.
Wet AMD (Exudative): This type is less common but more severe. It happens when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluid or blood, causing rapid vision loss. If left untreated, wet AMD can lead to serious damage to central vision.
Symptoms of AMD
Many people do not realize they have AMD until it starts affecting their vision. Here are some of the most common signs:
Blurred or distorted central vision: Objects may appear blurry, and fine details may become harder to see.
Difficulty seeing in low light: Adjusting to dim lighting can take longer than usual.
Straight lines appear wavy: For example, a doorframe or the edges of a book may look curved or distorted.
Colors appear faded: Bright colors may lose their intensity and appear duller than before.
How is AMD Diagnosed?
Early detection is important to slow down the progression of AMD. If you experience any symptoms, or if you are over 50 and at higher risk, an eye specialist may recommend the following tests:
Visual Acuity Test: A standard eye exam that measures how well you see at different distances.
Amsler Grid Test: A simple test where you look at a grid of straight lines. If any of the lines appear wavy or missing, it could indicate macular degeneration.
Fundus Photography: A special camera takes detailed pictures of the retina to detect any changes.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A non-invasive imaging test that provides highly detailed cross-sectional images of the retina. This test helps detect fluid buildup or structural changes in the macula, especially in wet AMD.
For comprehensive care of retinal disorders, including AMD, visit the Retina Treatment page.
Managing and Treating AMD
Although there is no complete cure for AMD, treatments can help slow its progression and preserve vision. The treatment plan depends on the type of AMD a person has.
Managing Dry AMD
Nutritional Supplements:
Studies, such as the AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study), found that a combination of certain vitamins and minerals can slow the progression of dry AMD. These include vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, copper, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Learn more about nutritional support on the Eye Nutrition Treatment page.
Regular Monitoring: Regular eye check-ups help track the condition over time. Your doctor may also recommend using an Amsler Grid at home to detect any changes in vision and report them immediately.
Treating Wet AMD
Anti-VEGF Injections: These are medications (such as Accentrix, Eylea, or Pagenex) that block the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina. These injections help reduce swelling and slow down vision loss. They are typically given every 1-2 months, depending on the patient’s response to treatment.
Follow-up Care and Lifestyle Changes
Managing AMD requires ongoing care and lifestyle adjustments. Here’s what can help:
Regular Eye Exams: People with dry AMD should have check-ups every 6 to 12 months, while those with wet AMD may need more frequent visits.
Home Monitoring: Using an Amsler Grid at home can help detect sudden vision changes.
Vision Rehabilitation:
If AMD is affecting your ability to do daily activities, your doctor may refer you to a low-vision specialist. These experts can help you adapt and provide tools like magnifying glasses, special lighting, and other devices to help you maintain your quality of life. Learn more about support for vision loss on the Low Vision Treatment page.
Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, avoiding smoking, and maintaining a nutrient-rich diet can help reduce the risk of AMD progression.
At Dayal Eye Centre, we are committed to providing personalized care to help patients manage AMD and maintain their vision. If you notice any changes in your eyesight, schedule an appointment with our specialists for a thorough evaluation and guidance on treatment options.
Managing Risk Factors
You’ll also need to follow advice about managing other health conditions (like controlling blood pressure or cholesterol) and avoid smoking, as smoking can worsen AMD. For expert guidance, you can consult with Dr. Kritika Singh, a specialist in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
Stay informed and take proactive steps to preserve your vision by visiting Dayal Eye Centre’s website for expert insights and care options.